Essay on Parkinson’s Disease - 1305 Words

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic neurological disease that effects about 329 per 100,000 people in the US. The average onset of this disease usually is for people over the age of 50, with the baby boomers getting older there may be an increase in this disease, as much as 9 million people worldwide. (Pawha 2010) Etiology The disease happens when the cells in the brain are damaged or stop-producing Dopamine, which helps with muscle movement, thus leaves those patients unable to control their movements. The exact cause is still not known but doctors believe that toxins such as free radicals may be a factor in causing this disease. (Amoniff, 1994) Others have thought that the natural process of aging causes the brain to lose the†¦show more content†¦Pathogeneses James Parkinson founded this disease in 1817 when he wrote a paper on the clinical symptoms that he had seen.(Nussbaum, 1997) The Disease is a neurodegenerative(loss of a functioning neuron) movement disorder caused by the damage to the dopamine cells in the brain. (Moore, 2005) This is a result from the loss of function of the basal ganglia cells, which in turn is caused from the failure of dopamine cells in the substantis nigra, located in the mid-brain. (Aminoff, 1994) The body cannot produce enough dopamine in the brain and therefore the voluntary movement that you do daily cannot be controlled when you have this disease. Therefore, when there is a lack of dopamine the muscle movement cannot be controlled, causing the tremors or shuffle steps. (Aminoff, 1994) The Lewy Bodies (which are abnormal proteins that develop inside a neuron) upon autopsy has been the hallmark sign of PD. These Lewy Bodies are a result of abnormal proteins that interferes with normal protein removal this t hen leads to the creation of inclusions inside the neuron and then into cell death.(Nussbaum, 1997) Diagnosis There is no definitive diagnosis for this disease but rather signs and symptoms that are seen in almost every patient with this disease. These signs and symptoms are often called hallmarkShow MoreRelatedThe Parkinsons Disease1596 Words   |  6 PagesMany people around the world today suffer from Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders. A movement disorder is a disorder impairing the speed, fluency, quality, and ease of movement. There are many types of movement disorders such as impaired fluency and speed of movement (dyskinesia), excessive movements (hyperkinesia), and slurred movements (hypokinesia). Some types of movement disorders are ataxia, a lack of coordination, Huntingtons disease, multiple system atrophies, myoclonus, briefRead MoreThe Parkinsons Disease761 Words   |  3 PagesMathur states that â€Å"Genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger† (Mathur). Parkinson’s Disease (PD) exhibits this pattern, with the vast majority of PD cases being idiopathic, likely the result of combined genetic and environmental factors. While many researchers previously sought symptom-specific treatment, recent breakthroughs open the door for the discovery of genetic and environmental causes so that disease prevention, and even reversal, emerge as viable possibilities. Recent research demonstratesRead More Parkinsons Disease Essay1764 Words   |  8 PagesParkinson’s disease (PD) is a striatal dopamine deficiency disorder as a consequence of neuronal loss in the substania nigra. It is named after James Parkinson, a British apothecary, who first fully documented its physical signs in 1817. Since then, significant advances have been made in our understanding of characteristic pathophysiology as well as in the medical treatment of different stages of PD. An overview of condition features in terms of epidemiology, manifestations, diagnosis and diseaseRead MoreParkinson’s Disease Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s Disease is known as one of the most common progressive and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. It belongs to a group of conditions known as movement disorders. Parkinson disease is a component of hypokinetic disorder because it causes a decreased in bodily movement. It affects people who are usually over the age of 50. It can i mpair an individual motor as well as non-motor function. Some of the primary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are characterized by tremors or trembling in handsRead More Parkinsons Disease Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesParkinsons Disease Parkinson’s Disease (PD), the shaking palsy first described by James Parkinson in 1817, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which affects in upwards of 1.5 million Americans. The disease begins to occur around age 40 and has incidence with patient age. One survey found that PD may affect 1% of the population over 60. Incidence seems to be more prominent in men, and tends to progress to incapacity and death over one or two decades. Clinical diagnosis of PD isRead MoreParkinson’s Disease Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease (PD), known for its degenerative abilities and debilitating affects, is an illness that affects approximately 1 million Americans. The cause of this disease has not been pinpointed, although strides have been made towards a cure. As our elderly population increases, so does our overwhelming need to find a suitable cure that may one day eliminate this disease. Concepts of PD After watching the video: My father, My Brother, and Me, viewable at www.pbsRead MoreParkinsons Disease Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pages Parkinsons Disease Parkinsons is an idiopathic, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that attacks neurotransmitters in the brain called dopamine. Dopamine is concentrated in a specific area of the brain called the substantia nigra. The neurotransmitter dopamine is a chemical that regulates muscle movement and emotion. Dopamine is responsible for relaying messages between the substantia nigra and other parts of the brain to control body movement. The death of these neurotransmitters affectsRead MoreEssay Parkinsons Disease3763 Words   |  16 PagesParkinsons Disease In 1817, James Parkinson published his famous treatise: An Essay on the Shaking Palsy, describing the symptoms which now collectively bear his name. Although many scientists before his time had described various aspects of motor dysfunction (ataxia, paralysis, tremor) Parkinson was the first to collect them into a common syndrome; one which he believed formed a distinctive condition. His sixty-six page essay contained five chapters describing symptoms, differential diagnosesRead MoreParkinsons Disease Essay784 Words   |  4 PagesDiagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease is extremely important in terms of treating the symptoms before the disease gets worse. It is common for patients with PD to have motor symptoms such as gait disorder, which comes from muscle stiffness/rigidity, bradykinesia, postural imbalance, etc. Gait disorders can generally help determine how far the neurological disorder has affected the motor function and control of the individual. Many physicians in general c linics determine if a patient has PD or if it hasRead MoreEssay on Parkinson’s Disease2135 Words   |  9 PagesParkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease is a disease with a wide variety of disabilities recognizable as changes in appearance, posture, walking, and balance. In 1817, the English physician James Parkinson described these symptoms in his patients and has had his name become synonymous with the disease. In 1893 the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia was identified as an area of disease for Parkinson’s. Examination with the naked eye reveals a lack of black pigment in this portion of the brainstem

The Second Amendment And The Amendment - 948 Words

The Second Amendment â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† A paltry twenty-seven words, present in the 2nd Amendment to the United States Constitution, have been a major focal point of the seemingly endless debate over whether, and for what purposes, US citizens have a right to own firearms. Positions vary wildly from those that hold these words to mean citizens have the right to violent revolt to those that believe they only allow the United States Armed Forces to exist, as well as a multitude of positions in between. The two primary positions presented on this issue are generally referred to as the â€Å"individual rights† and â€Å"states’ rights† positions (â€Å"Second†). The â€Å"individual rights† position posits that the amendment was written to secure private citizens’ personal right to own firearms as they see fit. This conclusion is generally concluded by looking at the rest of the Bill of Rights as well as many personal writings of the framers of the Constitution. The Bill of Rights was originally written due to issues many states brought forth concerning the power of the federal government to restrict personal liberties. These ten amendments were meant to enshrine certain liberties into the constitution (â€Å"Bill†). Each amendment in the Bill of Rights exists to ensure individuals maintain freedoms deemed important enough to directly block the government from taking. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Second Amendment And The Amendment903 Words   |  4 PagesThe truth to the statement that â€Å"Texas has a love affair with the 2nd amendment more than any of the other amendments† is circumstantial depending on the interpretation of the 2nd amendment. The second amendment is the most challenged amendment because it is so vaguely worded and not straight forward. It reads â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.† This some what incoherent statement leavesRead MoreThe Second Amendment And The Amendment1806 Words   |  8 PagesThe Second Amendment to the Constitution is one of the most debated issues in the history of the United States of America. The Second Amendment reads, â€Å"A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† CITE The Amendment opens with the sentence that mentions the need of ‘a well-regulated militia’, but then declares that the right protected by the amendment is to be free from ‘infringement’. The rightRead MoreThe First Amendment : The Second Amendment1738 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Amendment The first amendment is one of the most used amendments today. Everyone in the world uses it and sometimes takes advantage of it and most times uses it when needed to. The Bill Of Rights was created on December 15th of 1779 and was created to make some rules in the future because no one had the freedom to do anything. Most were punished if they spoke their opinion, they did not even have the right to choose their own religion. But that all changed when James Madison wrote the BillRead MoreThe Second Amendment And The Fourth Amendment1384 Words   |  6 Pageshistory, the framers of the constitutions created the fourth amendment, which protects from unreasonable searches, and the fifth amendment, which prevents a person from incriminating himself or herself, to create a government with just laws, but with the advancement in technology, the fourth amendment needs to expand its policies to fit the changes in modern society. Drawing from lessons of history, the framers created the Fifth Amendment which protects an accused person from self-incrimination, andRead MoreThe Second Amendment Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesCarter West Mrs. Gisleson Research Skills November 11 , 2016 Gun Control: Aiding in Infringing our constitutional rights â€Å"The beauty of the Second Amendment is that it will not be needed until they try to take it† said Thomas Jefferson (insert citation). What would happen to American Citizens if there safety and protection was completely in the hands of Uncle Sam? How could a person live without fear? Gun control has been an issue that has concerned the United States for many years. While the legalizingRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment : The Second Amendment943 Words   |  4 Pages The Fourth Amendment Noah Fleck November 30, 2015 My paper is going to be focused on the Fourth Amendment, which sets the baseline for searches and seizures. I will present what the Fourth Amendment is, what the rights of the individual are as stated in the Fourth Amendment, what limitations may be held within the Fourth Amendment, what must be included within the warrant, and more. I decided to write on this topic as I believe that it is important for us as citizens to knowRead MoreThe First Amendment : The Second Amendment2464 Words   |  10 PagesThe Second Amendment Ever since the beginning of American Revolution in April 1775, Americans have sought to create a nation with no ties to the British monarch and create and more, perfect union. They decided to create a democratic, republic government consisting of voted officials voted by the people, governed by a system of checks and balances with limited powers and the purpose of providing protection and services to its citizens. However, The Founding Fathers believed that should the governmentRead MoreThe Second Amendment1407 Words   |  6 Pagesliberty to obtain a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety.† This quote from Benjamin Franklin illustrates how an emphasis on safety can drastically reduce the freedoms enjoyed by citizens of the United States, especially the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution which states that â€Å"...the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.† However, with active shooter situations such as Columbine; the Tucson, Arizona shootings, which nearly killed former RepresentativeRead MoreThe Second Amendment1080 Words   |  5 Pagesdirect violation of the Fifth Amendment. If the authorities already had the same evidence they were asking for it would have served no purpose if the drives were decrypted. If the drives did in fact contain the content that the prosecutor claimed to be on the drives and that information would have been used as evidence against the suspect, so the suspect had every legal right to refuse tho give up the passwords. The fact that the suspect invoked his Fifth Amendment rights in which he refused to provideRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment And The Second Amendment1694 Words   |  7 PagesThe Fourth Amendment was passed by Congress on September 25, 1789. However, it was ratified on December 15, 1791. The Fourth Amendment is part of the first 10 Amendments which form the Bill of Rights. The Fourth Amendment is made to protect people from unlawful searches and seizu res. This means that the police can t search a person’s house without a warrant or probable cause. The founders of the Fourth amendment believed that freedom from government intrusion into one’s home is a natural right

Cultural Intelligence and Capability

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Intelligence and Capability. Answer: Introduction: Culture has been regarded as the system of shared idea; standards, mores that the members of community hold (Earley Mosakowski, 2004). But it has been clearly stated that the cultural intelligence requires being aware of ones own culture as well as the cultural differences in the manner that others behave and think. Also, the individuals should be self aware about their culture as after that only they could tell other people or help them. Therefore, a reflective essay have been mentioned below which states that what were the two concepts and how the cultural self-awareness helps individuals to be more culturally intelligent. Thesis Statement for this essay could be, whether a cultural self- awareness was significant to develop cultural intelligence or not?. Cultural self awareness on one hand has been described as a significant factor which helps in assisting special facets of cultural studies and to carry out various kind of trade acts (Roysircar, 2004). It has its significance due to some issues that were measured significant as it assists people to discover, appreciate, recognize and assess their educational and communal background of race, sex, etc. Cultural intelligence (CQ) has been described as an ability to narrate and work efficiently in ethnically varied circumstances. Going ahead of obtainable notions of educational sympathy and consciousness, it was significant to recognize the chronic abilities of people who could productively and deferentially achieve their aims (Cultural Intelligence Center, 2016). Awareness has been regarded as the first step, but was not enough (Forbes, 2015). An ethnically intelligent person was not only conscious but could also efficiently work, narrate with individuals and projects across dissimilar cultural circumstances. Although it has been seen that the worldwide corporations which fit into place in cross-cultural trade relationships, lead multicultural players, build up intercultural abilities, endeavor to increase educational consciousness and look for edifying aptitude (Griffer Perlis, 2007). The quote mentioned above was given by an eminent scientist on how self-awareness affects human performance which was a good fundamental disagreement for the assumption of the writer that cultural self-awareness has been a basis for cultural competence, and thus should always come first. Being more culturally self-aware was not a simple task, as significant base fundamental cultural aspects were insensible to people. Nevertheless, becoming responsive states that certain fundamental cultural suppositions drive the view of a person. It became more conscientious to their opinions which may assist to realize the effect that culture has a effect on the behavior of an individual (Livermore, 2009). Also, it has been defined and stated by different researchers like Spencer- Oatey 2012 that Culture has been a downy set of elementary suppositions and standards, orientations to life, attitudes, and behavioural meetings that were used by a group of individuals, and that sway the behavior of each member and his/her understanding of the meaning of other individuals behavior (Spencer-Oatey, 2012) (Earley Ang, 2003). Taipale 2012 on the other hand strains the importance of people extending their awareness of a number of cultural groups in a world where individuals travel from place to place for work. Quappe and Cantatore (2005) defines Cultural Awareness as the basis of communication and it includes the skill of footing back from ones ownself and fetching conscious of our educational values, ideas (Quappe Cantatore, 2016). Adler also concludes that the more culturally self-aware people would be, the more able they would be to forecast the impact of their behavior would have on others (Adler Gundersen, 2008). While people generally agree with the view of David, so, it would emphasize the significance of this self-awareness, as it was contemplated that it was more than an crucial section of cultural intelligence a primary step in mounting a persons own educational capability. Also, by taking inference from my personal experience I have found out that for instance I've developed up in an island in Greece where most of the Syrian refugees pass from my island to go somewhere else in Europe. Another, example was that in spite winter weather, many of the refugees from Syria were making the dangerous trip from Turkey in flimsy boats every day. From this it could be concluded that there was an anticipation of what could be the situation then also a risky trio was made which states that there was no self awareness about the place and as a result the people would be concluded to be not culturally intelligent. So, they should have anticipated the culture and weather before planning the trip (Maclachlan, 2011). In regard to family it could be stated that: Experience: I have my father, mother, my siblings and me in my family where my parents know what we want and desire for. Me and my family spent our precious time by g=having food together in restaurants, clubbing, travelling and trying new activities. Knowledge: My family lives in Greece and I live in Australia. And as we live separately in different regions, so from my personal experience I could say that family is the obly precious jewel which every have. They were the people who would be there with you no matter whatever would be the situation and would never judge you as other people do. So we should be with them and I thank god that I have a family because those who dont have lack everything in life. So as per my opinion people should value them. Behavior: Being a middle sibling from my three siblings, I have realized that if one of them is bossy and other one is irritating. I have inculcated a personality to be patient, responsible and obtain a cultivated personality as I have to handle and listen to both. In regard to the Hobbies it could be stated that: Experience: I like reading, travelling, learning new languages, etc. Knowledge: Regarding the outdoor activities, Ive sharpened my planning and survival skills! Behavior: Sports build your character! In some sports Ive learned how to be a team player and simultaneously in other sports Ive learned to be more individualistic and competitive. For the reason of Travel it could be affirmed that: Experience: Some of my trips were in north Greece and islands, Australia and Turkey. Knowledge: It helped me in trying different foods, travelling places and knowing about them. Behavior: I understood and respect the places I travelled, such as local people. For Language it could be affirmed that: Experience: Im a Greek native speaker but I also know other languages like English. Knowledge: Through the languages I have been taught, I established within my self a habit to know and learn more languages of different cultures. Behavior: As a result of knowing different languages I have experienced a positive thing that whenever I go to some other place I dont have to make attempts to understand their language. Rather I became more confident by way of which I tried and conveyed my ideas to different people. So, it could be concluded that self awareness of a culture of a persons own state or country has to be there on which the cultural intelligence could be inculcated. As if a person would be culturally capable and have knowledge of ones own state than only he could inculcate a zeal of knowing other countries languages and cultures. Therefore, to be a intelligent individual culturally an individual should be self aware about what he has and was there in his country so that he could tell that to other people as they tell about their country. The Thesis statement could be restated as, yes, a cultural self- awareness was significant to develop cultural intelligence of an individual. References Adler, N. J., Gundersen, A. (2008). International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior: 5th ed. Florence: Thomson South-Western. Cultural Intelligence Center. (2016). Cultural Intelligence: What It Is and Why You Need It!. Retrieved on 30th December 2016 from: https://culturalq.com/what-is-cq/ Earley, P. C, Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: An analysis of individual interactions across cultures. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. Earley, P.C., Mosakowski, E. (2004). Cultural Intelligence. Harvard Business Review, 10. Forbes. (2015). Why You Need Cultural Intelligence (And How To Develop It). Retrieved on 30th December 2016 from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/iese/2015/03/24/why-you-need-cultural-intelligence-and-how-to-develop-it/#1f20d0933670 Griffer, M.R. Perlis, M.P. (2007). Developing cultural intelligence in pre-service speech-language pathologists and educators. Communication Disorders jhQuarterly, 29(1), 28-35. Livermore, D. A. (2009). Cultural intelligence: Improving your CQ to engage our multicultural world. Grand Rapids, Mich: Baker Academic. Maclachlan, M. (2011). Cultural Intelligence: A Necessity For Working Effectively Across Cultures. Retrieved on 30th December 2016 from: https://www.communicaid.com/cross-cultural-training/blog/cultural-intelligence-a-necessity-for-working-effectively-across-cultures/ Quappe, S., Cantatore, G. (2016). What is Cultural Awareness, anyway? How do I build it?. Retrieved on 30th December 2016 from: https://www.culturosity.com/pdfs/What%20is%20Cultural%20Awareness.pdf Roysircar, G (2004). Cultural Self-Awareness Assessment: Practice Examples From Psychology Training. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 35 (6) pp. 666. Spencer-Oatey, H. (2012). What is culture? A compilation of quotations. GlobalPAD Core Concepts. Retrieved on 30th December 2016 from: https://go.warwick.ac.uk/globalpadintercultural